{"id":4220,"date":"2025-09-25T14:54:01","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T14:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/?p=4220"},"modified":"2026-01-25T20:37:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T20:37:17","slug":"why-do-shia-muslims-uphold-mut%ca%bfah-temporary-marriage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/why-do-shia-muslims-uphold-mut%ca%bfah-temporary-marriage\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Do Shia Muslims Uphold Mut’ah (Temporary Marriage)?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0mut’ah (temporary marriage)<\/strong>\u00a0because it is explicitly permitted in the\u00a0Qur\u2019an (4:24)<\/strong>,\u00a0permitted by the Prophet Muhammad\u00a0<\/strong>\ufdfa<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0practised by his Companions<\/strong>\u00a0during his lifetime and under\u00a0Ab\u016b Bakr<\/strong>, and only prohibited later by\u00a0\u02bfUmar ibn al-Kha\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101b<\/strong>. In Shia law, mut\u02bfah remains a valid, transparent, and regulated form of\u00a0nik\u0101\u1e25<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n
Explanation<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Mut\u02bfah is not an innovation but a\u00a0Qur\u2019anic and Prophetic allowance<\/strong>\u00a0used by the Companions\u2014especially during travel or hardship\u2014within clear contractual limits (consent, mahr, term).\u00a0Sunni \u1e63a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25<\/strong>\u00a0reports show this practice continued\u00a0through the caliphate of Ab\u016b Bakr<\/strong>, after which\u00a0\u02bfUmar<\/strong>\u00a0forbade it by decree. Shia scholarship holds that a\u00a0Prophetic ruling cannot be overturned<\/strong>\u00a0by later policy, so mut\u02bfah remains licit in Shia jurisprudence. It is strictly regulated\u2014requiring\u00a0mutual consent, mahr (dowry), a fixed term, the correct formula, and \u02bfiddah (waiting period)<\/strong>\u2014and children born from mut\u02bfah are\u00a0fully legitimate<\/strong>\u00a0with standard lineage and inheritance.<\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n
Evidence<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1) Qur\u2019anic Foundation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arabic:<\/strong>\u00a0\ufd3f\u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0622\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0636\u064e\u0629\u064b\ufd3e
\nTransliteration:<\/strong>\u00a0Fam\u0101 istamta\u02bftum bihi minhunna fa-\u0101t\u016bhunna uj\u016brahunna far\u012b\u1e0dah<\/em>
\nEnglish:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cSo for whatever you have mutually enjoyed of them, give them their due compensation as an obligation.\u201d
\n\ud83d\udcd6\u00a0Reference:<\/strong>\u00a0Qur\u2019an\u00a04:24<\/strong>\u00a0(classical Sunni and Shia exegesis discuss this verse in relation to mut\u02bfah).<\/p>\n

Reported early gloss\/reading<\/strong>\u00a0(attributed to Companions\/exegetes such as\u00a0Ibn \u02bfAbb\u0101s<\/strong>,\u00a0Ubayy b. Ka\u02bfb<\/strong>,\u00a0Sa\u02bf\u012bd b. Jubayr<\/strong>):
\nArabic:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00ab\u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e\u00a0\u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064d \u0645\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0649<\/strong>\u2026\u00bb
\nEnglish:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201c\u2026for whatever you have enjoyed of them\u00a0to a specified term<\/strong>\u2026\u201d
\n\ud83d\udcd6\u00a0Reference:<\/strong>\u00a0Tafs\u012br al-\u1e6cabar\u012b<\/em>;\u00a0Tafs\u012br Ibn Kath\u012br<\/em>\u00a0(they cite the linkage and then argue abrogation\u2014see below).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2) Practice in the Prophet\u2019s\u00a0<\/strong>\ufdfa<\/strong>\u00a0Lifetime and Ab\u016b Bakr\u2019s Caliphate (Sunni Sources)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • J\u0101bir b. \u02bfAbdill\u0101h:<\/strong>
    \nArabic:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00ab\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0639\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \ufdfa \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064d \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0649 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064f\u00bb
    \nEnglish:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cWe practised mut\u02bfah during the time of the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa and (during) Ab\u016b Bakr,\u00a0until \u02bfUmar forbade it<\/strong>.\u201d
    \n\ud83d\udcd6\u00a0Reference:<\/strong>\u00a0\u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim<\/strong>,\u00a0Kit\u0101b al-Nik\u0101\u1e25<\/em>\u00a0(B\u0101b Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Mut\u02bfah; J\u0101bir\u2019s report).<\/li>\n
  • \u02bfAbdull\u0101h b. Mas\u02bf\u016bd:<\/strong>
    \nArabic:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00ab\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \ufdfa \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064d \u0628\u0650\u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d\u00bb
    \nEnglish:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cWe were with the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa, and he\u00a0permitted<\/strong>\u00a0us to contract marriage with a woman\u00a0for a fixed term<\/strong>\u00a0in exchange for something.\u201d
    \n\ud83d\udcd6\u00a0Reference:<\/strong>\u00a0\u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim<\/strong>,\u00a0Kit\u0101b al-Nik\u0101\u1e25<\/em>\u00a0(expedition permission; b. Mas\u02bf\u016bd\u2019s report).<\/li>\n
  • Companions associated with practising\/allowing mut\u02bfah<\/strong>\u00a0(in Sunni \u1e25ad\u012bth\/early works):
    \nJ\u0101bir b. \u02bfAbdill\u0101h<\/strong>,\u00a0\u02bfAbdull\u0101h b. Mas\u02bf\u016bd<\/strong>,\u00a0Sabrah al-Juhan\u012b<\/strong>\u00a0(first-person practice, then prohibition narration),\u00a0\u02bfImr\u0101n b. \u1e24u\u1e63ayn<\/strong>\u00a0(reports \u201c\u0101yat al-mut\u02bfah\u201d and practice in the Prophet\u2019s time), and\u00a0Ibn \u02bfAbb\u0101s<\/strong>\u00a0(permissive fatw\u0101s\u2014some reports mention later restriction).
    \n\ud83d\udcd6\u00a0Reference:<\/strong>\u00a0\u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim<\/strong>\u00a0(Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Mut\u02bfah section);\u00a0\u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b<\/strong>\u00a0(Tafs\u012br and Nik\u0101\u1e25 chapters); early \u1e25ad\u012bth\/fiqh compilations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3) Who Banned Mut\u02bfah?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u02bfUmar\u2019s policy ban<\/strong>\u00a0is explicitly reflected in Sunni reports: J\u0101bir states it was practised\u00a0until \u02bfUmar forbade it<\/strong>\u00a0(\u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim).<\/li>\n
    • The well-known pulpit formula is transmitted in early Sunni literature:
      \nArabic:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00ab\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0639\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \ufdfa\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u00a0\u0623\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627: \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u062c\u0651\u0650\u00bb
      \nEnglish:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cTwo mut\u02bfahs existed in the time of the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa, and\u00a0I forbid them<\/strong>\u00a0and will punish for them: mut\u02bfah of women and mut\u02bfah of Hajj.\u201d
      \n\ud83d\udcd6\u00a0Reference:<\/strong>\u00a0Cited by classical Sunni works (e.g.,\u00a0al-Qur\u1e6dub\u012b<\/strong>\u00a0under 4:24;\u00a0al-Bayhaq\u012b, al-Sunan al-Kubr\u0101<\/strong>\u00a07:206;\u00a0al-\u1e6ca\u1e25\u0101w\u012b, Shar\u1e25 Ma\u02bf\u0101n\u012b al-\u0100th\u0101r<\/strong>\u00a02:144\u2013146).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Balance note on Sunni sources:<\/strong>\u00a0Sunni \u1e25ad\u012bth collections also preserve narrations from\u00a0Sabrah al-Juhan\u012b<\/strong>\u00a0that the Prophet \ufdfa\u00a0later forbade<\/strong>\u00a0mut\u02bfah (with some reports tying the ban to\u00a0Khaybar<\/strong>\u00a0and others to the\u00a0Conquest of Makkah<\/strong>). Shia authorities consider these narrations contradictory and maintain that\u00a0no Prophetic abrogation occurred<\/strong>; rather,\u00a0\u02bfUmar<\/strong>\u00a0instituted the ban as\u00a0policy\/ijtih\u0101d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      4) Shia \u1e24ad\u012bth on Mut\u02bfah<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Imam Ja\u02bffar al-\u1e62\u0101diq (AS):<\/strong>
        \nArabic:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00ab\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0622\u0646\u064f\u060c \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \ufdfa\u00bb
        \nEnglish:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cMut\u02bfah was revealed in the Qur\u2019an, and\u00a0it was established as a Sunnah<\/strong>\u00a0by the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa.\u201d
        \n\ud83d\udcd6\u00a0Reference:<\/strong>\u00a0al-K\u0101f\u012b<\/strong>, vol. 5, p. 452.<\/li>\n
      • Imam al-\u1e62\u0101diq (AS) on form:<\/strong>
        \nArabic:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064c \u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0651\u064c\u00bb
        \nEnglish:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cIf a term is specified, it is mut\u02bfah; if no term is specified, it is a permanent marriage.\u201d
        \n\ud83d\udcd6\u00a0Reference:<\/strong>\u00a0Was\u0101\u02beil al-Sh\u012b\u02bfa<\/strong>, vol. 21 (B\u0101b Shur\u016b\u1e6d al-Mut\u02bfah).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

         <\/p>\n

        5) How Mut\u02bfah Works in Shia Jurisprudence (Summary)<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Requires\u00a0mutual consent<\/strong>,\u00a0mahr (dowry)<\/strong>, a\u00a0fixed term<\/strong>, and the\u00a0correct formula<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
        • Without a term, it defaults to\u00a0permanent marriage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
        • \u02bfIddah<\/strong>\u00a0is observed before remarriage.<\/li>\n
        • Children are\u00a0fully legitimate<\/strong>\u00a0with standard lineage and inheritance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          <\/h5>\n
          Sunni Marriage Types that Shia Jurisprudence Rejects<\/strong><\/h5>\n
            \n
          1. Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Misy\u0101r (<\/strong>\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong>) \u2014 \u201cTraveller\u2019s\/Convenience marriage\u201d<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f A permanent marriage in form, but the wife agrees to give up rights like housing, maintenance, or equal nights. Popular in parts of the Gulf.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: Contemporary fatw\u0101 councils (e.g., IslamQA, Ibn B\u0101z).
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Rejected \u2014 rights fixed by Allah (nafaqah, housing, dignity) cannot be waived to legitimise the contract.<\/li>\n
          2. Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-\u02bfUrfi (<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a<\/strong>) \u2014 Informal\/unregistered marriage, often secret<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f A contract done with witnesses but not registered with the state, often kept hidden from families or society. Common among students in Egypt.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: Egyptian Dar al-Ift\u0101\u02be rulings; Sunni fiqh manuals.
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Rejected \u2014 secrecy contradicts the Qur\u2019anic principle of public marriage and enables exploitation.<\/li>\n
          3. Nik\u0101\u1e25 with intention to divorce (<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/strong>)<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f A man marries a woman while secretly intending to divorce her after a short time, without informing her.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: Ibn B\u0101z, Ibn Taymiyyah, modern fatw\u0101 councils.
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Rejected \u2014 dishonesty invalidates the contract. If time-limited, it must be openly declared (mut\u02bfah).<\/li>\n
          4. Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Ta\u1e25l\u012bl \/ Hal\u0101lah (<\/strong>\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong>)<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f A woman divorced three times marries another man only so she can return to her first husband. Condemned in hadith.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: \u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim 1415; Tirmidh\u012b 1120; Ab\u016b D\u0101w\u016bd 2076.
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Rejected \u2014 cursed by the Prophet \ufdfa; marriage cannot be used as a trick.<\/li>\n
          5. Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Jih\u0101d (<\/strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d<\/strong>) \u2014 \u201cSex jihad\u201d<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f A rumour spread in 2013 that women travelled to Syria to marry fighters for short periods. Found to be propaganda, not based in Islamic law.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: No basis in Qur\u2019an, Sunnah, or classical fiqh.
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Rejected \u2014 fabricated, condemned outright.<\/li>\n
          6. Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Shigh\u0101r (<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0631<\/strong>)<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f Two men marry each other\u2019s daughters\/sisters in exchange, without offering mahr. Explicitly forbidden in hadith.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: \u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim 1416.
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Rejected \u2014 violates Qur\u2019an 4:4, which obligates mahr.<\/li>\n
          7. Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Misf\u0101r (<\/strong>\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u00a0\/ Travel marriage)<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f A marriage conducted during travel, often with a hidden intention of being temporary, but without declaring it.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: Contemporary Gulf fatw\u0101 councils.
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Rejected \u2014 mut\u02bfah already exists as the legitimate, declared time-limited nik\u0101\u1e25. Misf\u0101r hides reality and invites abuse.<\/li>\n
          8. Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Tays\u012br (<\/strong>\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong>) \u2014 \u201cFacilitated marriage\u201d<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f Simplified form of marriage with a very light mahr and reduced expenses, to encourage youth to marry easily.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: Modern Sunni fiqh discussions.
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Accepted\u00a0only if<\/strong>\u00a0all Qur\u2019anic conditions are fulfilled (mahr, witnesses, formula, consent). If rights are cut, it becomes invalid.<\/li>\n
          9. Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Mu\u02bfallaq (<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642<\/strong>) \u2014 Conditional marriage<\/strong>
            \n\u27a1\ufe0f A marriage tied to a condition (e.g., \u201cIf such happens, you are my wife\u201d). Disputed among Sunni madhhabs.
            \n\ud83d\udcd6 Source: Debated in Sunni fiqh (\u1e24anaf\u012b, Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b).
            \n\ud83d\udd0e\u00a0Shia view:<\/strong>\u00a0Rejected \u2014 marriage must be based on direct ij\u0101b (offer) and qab\u016bl (acceptance). Conditions create uncertainty.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            <\/h5>\n
            Conclusion \/ Summary<\/strong><\/h5>\n
              \n
            • Qur\u2019an 4:24<\/strong>\u00a0underpins mut\u02bfah; early Sunni exegesis records its linkage to the verse.<\/li>\n
            • Authentic Sunni reports<\/strong>\u00a0show mut\u02bfah was\u00a0permitted by the Prophet\u00a0<\/strong>\ufdfa<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0practised by Companions<\/strong>\u00a0in his lifetime and under Ab\u016b Bakr, then\u00a0forbidden by \u02bfUmar<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
            • Sunni compilations\u00a0also<\/strong>\u00a0transmit narrations of a\u00a0later Prophetic prohibition<\/strong>; Shia authorities\u00a0reject<\/strong>\u00a0these and hold\u00a0\u02bfUmar\u2019s decree<\/strong>\u00a0as the cause of prohibition in Sunni practice.<\/li>\n
            • In Shia law, mut\u02bfah is a\u00a0lawful, regulated marriage<\/strong>\u2014transparent and responsible\u2014while Shia jurists reject later Sunni substitutes that enable secrecy or waive essential rights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              <\/h5>\n
              Quick FAQ<\/strong><\/h5>\n

              Q: Do Shia consider mut\u02bfah a casual relationship?<\/strong>
              \nNo. It is a\u00a0legal marriage<\/strong>\u00a0requiring consent, mahr, a fixed term, proper formula, and \u02bfiddah\u2014children are fully legitimate.<\/p>\n

              Q: Did the Prophet\u00a0<\/strong>\ufdfa<\/strong>\u00a0forbid mut\u02bfah?<\/strong>
              \nShia:\u00a0No<\/strong>\u2014no Prophetic abrogation is accepted.
              \nSunni sources:\u00a0Yes<\/strong>, many cite narrations (e.g., Sabrah) of a\u00a0later prohibition<\/strong>. Shia contest those reports and cite \u02bfUmar\u2019s decree.<\/p>\n

              Q: Which Companions practised or permitted mut\u02bfah?<\/strong>
              \nJ\u0101bir b. \u02bfAbdill\u0101h<\/strong>,\u00a0\u02bfAbdull\u0101h b. Mas\u02bf\u016bd<\/strong>,\u00a0Sabrah al-Juhan\u012b<\/strong>\u00a0(first practised, then narrates prohibition),\u00a0\u02bfImr\u0101n b. \u1e24u\u1e63ayn<\/strong>, and\u00a0Ibn \u02bfAbb\u0101s<\/strong>\u00a0(permissive fatw\u0101s with some reports of later restriction).<\/p>\n

              Q: Why do Shia reject misyar\/\u02bfurfi\/intention-to-divorce?<\/strong>
              \nBecause they enable secrecy or waive rights absent from Qur\u2019an and authentic Sunnah;\u00a0mut\u02bfah<\/strong>\u00a0is the declared, regulated time-limited marriage.<\/p>\n

              <\/h5>\n
              References<\/strong><\/h5>\n
                \n
              • Qur\u2019an 4:24<\/strong>; classical exegesis under this verse:\u00a0Tafs\u012br al-\u1e6cabar\u012b<\/strong>;\u00a0Tafs\u012br Ibn Kath\u012br<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
              • \u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim<\/strong>,\u00a0Kit\u0101b al-Nik\u0101\u1e25<\/em>\u00a0(B\u0101b Nik\u0101\u1e25 al-Mut\u02bfah):
                \n\u2013\u00a0J\u0101bir b. \u02bfAbdill\u0101h<\/strong>: \u201cWe practised mut\u02bfah\u2026 until \u02bfUmar forbade it.\u201d
                \n\u2013\u00a0\u02bfAbdull\u0101h b. Mas\u02bf\u016bd<\/strong>: expedition permission to marry to a fixed term.
                \n\u2013\u00a0Sabrah al-Juhan\u012b<\/strong>\u00a0reports of later prohibition.<\/li>\n
              • \u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b<\/strong>: Tafs\u012br reports on \u201c\u0101yat al-mut\u02bfah\u201d (\u02bfImr\u0101n b. \u1e24u\u1e63ayn); Ibn \u02bfAbb\u0101s permissive verdicts.<\/li>\n
              • \u02bfUmar\u2019s ban<\/strong>:\u00a0al-Qur\u1e6dub\u012b<\/strong>,\u00a0al-Bayhaq\u012b<\/strong>,\u00a0al-\u1e6ca\u1e25\u0101w\u012b<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
              • Shia sources<\/strong>:\u00a0al-K\u0101f\u012b<\/strong>, vol. 5, p. 452;\u00a0Was\u0101\u02beil al-Sh\u012b\u02bfa<\/strong>, vol. 21.<\/li>\n
              • On substitutes<\/strong>:\u00a0Tirmidh\u012b<\/strong>\u00a0(1120);\u00a0Ab\u016b D\u0101w\u016bd<\/strong>\u00a0(2076) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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                <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Shia Muslims uphold\u00a0mut'ah (temporary marriage)\u00a0because it is explicitly permitted in the\u00a0Qur\u2019an (4:24),\u00a0permitted by the Prophet Muhammad\u00a0\ufdfa\u00a0and\u00a0practised by his Companions\u00a0during his lifetime and under\u00a0Ab\u016b Bakr, and only prohibited later by\u00a0\u02bfUmar ibn al-Kha\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101b. In Shia law, mut\u02bfah remains a valid, transparent, and regulated form of\u00a0nik\u0101\u1e25. Explanation Mut\u02bfah is not an innovation but a\u00a0Qur\u2019anic and Prophetic allowance\u00a0used by [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[254],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4220"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4220\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4718,"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4220\/revisions\/4718"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mawla.shop\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}